Hace tiempo no me tomaba el tiempo para escribir en esta sección, pero hoy retomo con la intención de volver a darle vida y así compartir con ustedes lo que voy aprendiendo en este maravilloso Mundo Libro.
En esta ocasión me gustaría hablarles sobre un tema que me ha tocado debatir bastante recientemente y que es realmente importante en este rubro: los derechos de autor.
El debate se generó entre quienes defienden la propiedad sobre los derechos de autor (entre los que yo me identifico) y aquellos que consideran que dicha propiedad y exclusividad atenta contra la masificación de la cultura.
Sin duda es un tema que ha generado bastante fricción entre las y los artistas ya que básicamente la propiedad sobre los derechos de sus obras genera el sustento económico del que viven, además de ser parte del patrimonio a heredar a sus descendientes.
Por el otro lado, quienes defienden a favor de la masificación de la cultura a través de la flexibilidad de los derechos de autor (permitiendo por ejemplo la copia de obras) argumentan que la cultura no debiese quedar fuera del alcance de nadie; un ejemplo que puede sonar lejano pero que sirve para explicar esto es el famoso cuadro de Leonardo Da Vinci, "La Gioconda" (o "Monna Lisa"), que solamente pueden disfrutar quienes tienen la suerte de poder visitar el museo del Louvre en París, oportunidad que millones de personas alrededor del mundo jamás tendrán y que la mayor exposición de las obras debiese compensar ese ingreso que hoy se genera por concepto de derechos.
En el caso de los libros, las autoras y autores reciben entre el 10 y el 12% del PVP (precio de venta a público) como regalías por derechos de autor. Generalmente, las autoras y autores "famosos", reciben parte de este dinero de forma adelantada (un riesgo que asumen las editoriales) a cambio del pago correspondiente a las ventas futuras. Este no es el caso para las autoras y autores menos conocidos que reciben sus pagos a medida que van generándose las ventas.
Existe también un debate sobre el tiempo que los derechos de autor deberían quedar en manos de los herederos del o la artista original, antes de pasar a ser de libre acceso, dado que nuevamente entramos en la búsqueda del punto de equilibrio óptimo entre acceso a la cultura y el pago de los royalties.
Los invito a opinar sobre el tema. Yo personalmente creo que es necesario, además de cuidar y proteger los derechos de autor, buscar formas de que todo artista pueda desarrollar su trabajo sin necesariamente depender de los resultados comerciales de este. Si no, ¿cuántas obras o artistas nos perderíamos por el solo hecho de que no fue comercialmente exitoso su trabajo y tuvo que abandonarlo para dedicarse a otra cosa?
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Fabio Costa C.
El Librero
1 comentario
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